宾语从句的引导词根据从句类型和语境不同,主要分为下面内容三类:
一、从属连词
-
that
- 用于引导陈述句转化的宾语从句,无实际含义,口语中常省略。
- 例句:
I know (that) he is honest.
He said (that) he would finish the work.
-
if/whether
- 引导一般疑问句转化的宾语从句,表示“是否”。
- 区别:
- 只有whether能接”or not”(如whether…or not)
- 介词后只能用whether(如about whether)
- 不定式前只能用whether(如whether to go)
- 例句:
I wonder if/whether he will come.
They discussed whether they should cancel the trip.
二、连接代词
用于引导独特疑问句转化的宾语从句,包含疑问含义的代词:
- who/whom/whose(谁/谁的)
- what(什么)
- which(哪一个)
- whatever/whoever/whichever(无论什么/谁/哪个)
例句:
Do you knowwho broke the window?
Tell mewhat you need.
I’ll acceptwhatever you decide.
三、连接副词
用于引导独特疑问句转化的宾语从句,表示时刻、地点、缘故、方式等:
- when(什么时候)
- where(何地)
- why(为何)
- how(怎样)
- whenever/wherever/however(无论什么时候/何地/怎样)
例句:
He askedwhen the train would arrive.
Can you explainwhy you were late?
I don’t knowhow he solved the problem.
独特注意事项
-
语序:无论引导词是什么,宾语从句必须用陈述语序(主语+谓语)。
- 错误:She asked where was the library.
- 正确:She asked where the library was.
-
时态一致性:主句为过去时,从句需用对应过去时态(客观真理除外)。
- 例句:
He said (that) the Earthrevolves around the Sun. (客观事实用一般现在时)
She told me shehad finished her homework.
- 例句:
-
形式宾语it:当宾语从句后接补语时,需用it作形式宾语,从句后置。
- 例句:
I findit strangethat he didn’t call.
- 例句:
-
否定前移:在think/believe等动词后,否定词常转移至主句。
- 例句:
Idon’t think (that) he is right.
- 例句:
从句类型 | 引导词 | 示例 |
---|---|---|
陈述句 | that(可省略) | He said (that) it was true. |
一般疑问句(是否) | if/whether | I wonder if she agrees. |
独特疑问句(疑问词) | what/when/where/why/how等 | Tell me where you live. |
通过合理选择引导词并注意语序、时态等制度,可准确构建宾语从句。